language models

December 26th, 2025

How do language models understand language?

How can a computer tell that "blueberry" is more like "strawberry" than "red"? It starts by turning language into math, unlocking smarter tools for cities in the process.

February 18th, 2026

How do LLMs generate text?

When ChatGPT responds to your prompt, it's not retrieving an answer from a database. It's predicting the next word, one token at a time, based on probability.

February 25th, 2026

Why do LLMs hallucinate?

LLMs can generate confident, detailed responses that are completely wrong. Understanding why this happens helps you use these tools effectively.

March 4th, 2026

What is a context window?

LLMs can only hold so much information at once. Understanding context windows helps explain why long conversations sometimes go off the rails.

April 1st, 2026

How can we prevent LLMs from hallucinating?

LLM hallucination is manageable, but not by waiting for smarter models. The real solution is giving the model less room to guess. Here are four techniques that make AI outputs dramatically more reliable.

April 4th, 2026

The power of a good prompt

A vague prompt gets unpredictable results. A specific one gets reliable results. Here's how to write prompts that actually work, using techniques you already know from managing people.